Wolfgang: On and off since 1968 when I dived for the first time in the Caribbean. About 15 years ago I began diving exclusively with sharks. Sharks always fascinated me; I was six years old when I first saw grainy black and white photographs of sharks, that was in 1947. Sharks are, to me, the most magnificent, and, unfortunately, least understood, marine creatures.
F: Is underwater photography a professional occupation or more like a hobby to you?
W: Hobby. I earned my daily bread as an international banker. Photography, both on land and underwater, has been one of my life-long passions.
F: Why do you prefer free-diving to using professional diving equipment?
W: I don't like having cumbersome equipment on my body; it makes me feel as a stranger in the underwater world. I'd rather hold my breath than breathing underwater - it is not natural for mammals. Freediving gives me the feeling of freedom; it is a mental excercise more than a physical challenge. Freeidvers find it easier to get close to large animals than SCUBA divers. I have dived only four times with tanks back in 1968 - didn't find it appealing. Also, I was an avid undersea hunter for many decades. Spearfishermen always freedive.
F: Tell me about your tools of the trade: what kind of equipment do you use for underwater photography?
W: Very simple: An old mechanical Nikonos V, a 28 and 20mm lens. No flash, available light only.
F: I have noticed that you give preference to black and white photographs. Why is that so?
W: Black and white photographs have a moody and graphic dimension that, in my view, cannot be matched by color images. Apart from that, the first underwater photographs I ever saw were all black and white. I guess the graphic impact these images had on me has never faded.
F: What are your favourite shark diving locations?
W: The Bahamas and South Africa. The reason is simple: I love to dive with tiger sharks, and the Bahamas and South Africa are the only places where you can dive with these magnificent creatures regularly.
F: In your blog you have often criticized Discovery for their portrayal of sharks as violent man-eating animals. Could you define the term ‘shark porn’?
W: Unfortunately, the media prefer to portray sharks as "dangerous", "aggressive", "man-eaters". These attributes are all false but they "sell". The term "shark porn" was first mentioned by the very people who pretend to educate and entertain the general public with the yearly Shark Week features. To attract viewers the Discovery Channel producers show a lot of teeth and blood, and focus on sharks attacks which happen very rarely - about 100 incidents per year of which between 5 and 10 are fatal - rather than enlightening the uninformed about the truth. Showing sharks as 'monsters of the deep' or 'senseless killing machines' seem appeal to some deep and archaic fears of being eaten alive. Thus, sensationalistic reports about dangerous sharks are in a way as crude and misleading as is pornography meant to substitute eroticism and love.
F: Have you ever felt fear while being underwater with sharks? Have there been any life-threatening situations or moments when something went wrong?
W: No. When I was not very experienced, I was circumspect in the presence of sharks, and I observed their body language in different circumstances keenly. With the knowledge I have since acquired, I feel very comfortable with sharks, even with large specimens. Sharks are quite predictable - but you have to know their behavior intimately.
F: Most experts warn people against trying to get in contact with large sharks, yet you manage to seemingly effortlessly interact with some gigantic specimens. So the obvious question is: how do you do it? What is your secret?
W: My "secret"? As I said, sharks are highly intelligent and sensitive. They are fast learners. Lemon sharks learn 40 times faster than cats. Sharks have a memory that has been tested to last approximately one year. Sharks are cautious, yet curious - as are most animals. I respect sharks, and I love them deeply - which are feelings that probably translate into a behavior on my part that makes them feel comfortable.
F: You seem to enjoy the company of tiger sharks the most. What is it about them that fascinates you?
W: Their impressive size, their shape, their heads, their "cool" approach - they are very imposing and tend to come VERY close to you when they feel comfortable. Tiger sharks are, comparatively speaking, extremely gentle. In general, they are absolutely non-aggressive. People who have not dived with them might fear them because they have a bad reputation - undeservededly. Yes, they have extremeley strong jaws, teeth that work like a saw. Tiger sharks are the only sharks that can crack the shells of sea turtles. That and the fact that they scavangers and indiscriminate eaters make them so fearsome. Tiger sharks will bite and swallow cameras if they want to investigate their edibility - that happens relatively often. It is probably the electric fields around cameras with metal housings that provoke them to perform a test bite.
F: You have dived with some of the world’s largest and most dangerous sharks: the tiger sharks, lemon sharks, hammerheads. But have you ever tried diving with a great white? Most experts say that it is near impossible to interact with an adult great white and remain in one piece. Or is it just another man-made stereotype about sharks?
W: I believe that is what you said: Another man-made stereotype which is not to say that one should have a healthy respect for these master predators when diving with them. Just their size can be intimidating, not unlike the size of full-grown tiger sharks which can both easily reach 5m. The largest white and tiger sharks ever caught measured close to 7m
F: What are the most common misconceptions about sharks?
W: 1) Sharks are NOT dangerous per se - circumstances can be although it is extremely unlikely that divers will find themselves in such situations;
2) sharks do NOT have to eat all the time (some species can go, rather swim, without eating for as long as 10-12 days);
3) sharks do NOT consume people (humans are not part of their diet);
4) human blood does NOT attract sharks (scientifically proven to be a myth).
5) sharks ARE intelligent and sensitive (not at all "brainless eating machines or killers").
